Infant Nutrition

The Role of Iron in Learning and Memory [internet]. 2011 [cited May 2021]; ASN.

Fretham S et al.

Early life iron deficiency affects at least 3 major neurobehavioral domains, including speed of processing, affect, and learning and memory, the latter being particularly prominent. Early iron deficiency alters the transcriptome, metabolome, structure, intracellular signaling pathways, and electrophysiology of the developing hippocampus, the brain region responsible for recognition learning and memory.

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Association of infant and young child feeding practices with cognitive development at 10–12 years: a birth cohort in rural Western China [internet]. 2020 [cited May 2021]; Br. J. Nutr.

Zhu Z et al.

The association of breast-feeding, types and initial timing of complementary foods with adolescent cognitive development in low- and middle-income countries. Improvement in iron rich or iron fortified foods complementary feeding may produce better adolescent cognitive development outcomes.

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Iodine as Essential Nutrient during the First 1000 Days of Life [internet]. 2018 [cited May 2021]; ASN.

Velasco I et al.

Iodine is most critical in the early stages of development, as the foetal brain is extremely dependent on iodine supply. The available evidence from both animals and human studies, for the effect of iodine deficiency on brain development and neurological or behavioural disorders, such as lower intelligence quotient or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

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Early Life Experiences and Trajectories of Cognitive Development [internet]. 2020 [cited May 2021]; AAP.

McCormick B et al.

Early life experiences differentiate patterns of cognitive development over the first 5 years of life in low-and middle-income settings. A supporting and nurturing environment was the variable most strongly differentiating the most and least preferable trajectories of cognitive development

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The role of nutrition in immunity in infants and toddlers: An expert panel opinion [internet]. 2017 [cited May 2021]; Elsevier.

Pai U et al.

Micronutrients, including iron, zinc, vitamins A, C, D, and E exert important influences on immune system development during the neonatal period. The role of nutrition and immunity, and provides recommendations on the current and future trends to prevent and treat micronutrient deficiencies in the Indian context.

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Selected vitamins and trace elements support immune function
by strengthening epithelial barriers and cellular and humoral immune responses [internet]. 2017 [cited May 2021]; Br. J. Nutr.

Maggini S et al.

Insufficient intake of micronutrients occurs in people with eating disorders, in smokers (active and passive), in individuals with chronic alcohol abuse, in certain diseases, during pregnancy and lactation, and in the elderly. Supplementation with micronutrients can support the body’s natural defence system by enhancing all three levels of immunity.

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